This animated lesson shows the operation and characteristics of thru-beam optical sensors.

Students view the formulas to be used to convert a parallel impedance to a series impedance.

Using a memory shortcut for calculations, the learner determines line and phase values of current in a three-phase AC configuration. Practice problems complete the activity.

In this animated and interactive object, learners follow steps to perform the process identification procedure for the Ziegler-Nichols Continuous Cycling Tuning Method. A short quiz completes the activity.

Learners observe how an optical pyrometer is used to take temperature measurements without making physical contact with the object being measured.

This animated lesson shows how a photoelectric sensor, connected to a ladder circuit, causes the cylinder of a hydraulic circuit to extend and retract.

Learners study the method of using more than one track and quadrature modes to improve the resolution of an optical encoder. A brief quiz completes the activity.

In this animated activity, learners examine how to change the gain of an optical sensor to overcome environmental conditions and distance.

Learners study the operation of the retro-reflective optical sensor, along with the guidelines that should be followed regarding the target size, reflector size, alignment, and the reflectivity of the target.